From ovid@ovid.lib.upenn.edu Sun Oct 24 10:05:38 1999 Date: Sun, 24 Oct 1999 10:05:19 -0400 (EDT) From: ovid@ovid.lib.upenn.edu To: hillary@hillary.net Subject: Ovid Citations Ovid Technologies, Inc. Email Service ------------------------------ Search for: from 3 keep 3,7-10,16,19,22,24 Citations: 1-9 *************************** <1> Accession Number 962204703 Author Casal, M. L. Giger, U. Bovee, K. C. Patterson, D. F. Institution Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA. Title Inheritance of cystinuria and renal defect in Newfoundlands. Source Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1995. 207: 12, 1585-1589. 27 ref. Abstract Family studies, breeding experiments, and renal clearance studies were performed in Newfoundland dogs with cystinuria, an inherited defect in renal tubular transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids. Pedigree analyses revealed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, with clinical signs of urinary obstruction attributable to formation of urinary cystine calculi in male dogs. Renal clearance studies revealed complete lack of reabsorption and tubular secretion of cystine (-92 to 7%), as well as decreased reabsorption of lysine (26 to 77%), ornithine (36 to 77%), and arginine (16 to 32%) in affected dogs, compared with 97 to 100% reabsorption for all aforementioned amino acids in healthy dogs. It is suggested that the greater severity of the tubular defect in Newfoundlands, compared with that in other breeds, may be responsible for the earlier onset of clinical signs (at 6 months to 1 year of age), more rapid formation of calculi, formation of cystic and renal calculi, and the necessity for use of a higher dosage of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine for prevention of urolith formation. ISSN 0003-1488 <2> Accession Number 932287082 Author Hoppe, A. Denneberg, T. Jeppsson, J. O. Kagedal, B. Institution Department of Medicine and Surgery, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7037, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Title Urinary excretion of amino acids in normal and cystinuric dogs. Source British Veterinary Journal. 1993. 149: 3, 253-268. 30 ref. Abstract The 24-h urine excretion of 20 amino acids was investigated in 24 cystinuric and 15 normal dogs. The diagnosis of cystinuria was based on infrared spectroscopy of removed uroliths, which in all cases were composed of pure cystine. Seven of 24 cystinuric dogs showed normal cystine excretion compared to normal dogs, and 4 of 24 dogs showed normal total amino acid excretion. In contrast to earlier investigations, almost half of the cystinuric dogs (46%) showed elevated excretion of 5 or more amino acids. Isolated cystinuria, or isolated dibasic amino aciduria was not found. Compared to normal dogs, the cystinuric dogs showed a significantly increased excretion of cystine, arginine, lysine, cystathionine, glutamic acid, threonine and glutamine. There was a significant correlation between the urinary excretion of cystine and 10 other amino acids, with the highest correlation found for arginine, lysine, cystathionine, ornithine and 1-methyl-histidine. Three patterns of amino acid excretion could be identified: increased excretion and a significant correlation with cystine for the 3 dibasic amino acids (lysine, arginine and ornithine), and for cystathionine and glutamic acid; increased excretion but no correlation with cystine for glutamine, threonine and citrulline; good correlation with cystine, but no increased excretion for 1-methyl-histidine, phenylalanine, 3-methyl-histidine, leucine and alanine. The aetiology of urolith formation is discussed and it is suggested that factors other than cystine excretion should be considered as causes of cystine urolith formation. ISSN 0007-1935 <3> Accession Number 932287081 Author Hoppe, A. Denneberg, T. Jeppsson, J. O. Kagedal, B. Institution Department of Medicine and Surgery, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7037, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Title Canine cystinuria: an extended study on the effects of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine on cystine urolithiasis and urinary cystine excretion. Source British Veterinary Journal. 1993. 149: 3, 235-251. 25 ref. Abstract During a clinical study covering 1-6 years 25 cystinuric dogs were orally treated with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG). The drug was effective at dissolving uroliths at a dose of approximately 40 mg/kg bwt. In 15 dogs with bladder uroliths, complete urolith dissolution was achieved on 9/17 occasions (53%). When 2-MPG was administered prophylactically at 30 mg/kg, uroliths did not reform in 14 dogs (56%). In 4 dogs, uroliths re-formed during treatment, but dissolved when the dose of 2-MPG was raised to 40 mg/kg bwt. Six dogs were surgically treated, and in 2 of these animals the uroliths were found to consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Six dogs were killed during the study: 3 because of recurrent uroliths with urethral obstruction, and 3 because of aging. In one dog, uroliths were present in the bladder throughout the study. It was concluded that 2 MPG is a satisfactory alternative treatment for cystinuric dogs and has a good prophylactic effect. ISSN 0007-1935 <4> Accession Number 932287078 Author Nash, A. S. Title Canine cystinuria - something old, something new. Source British Veterinary Journal. 1993. 149: 3, 205-206. 7 ref. ISSN 0007-1935 <5> Accession Number 932282227 Author Hoppe, A. Denneberg, T. Frank, A. Kagedal, B. Petersson, L. R. Institution Department of Medicine and Surgery, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7037, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Title Urinary excretion of metals during treatment with D-penicillamine and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine in normal and cystinuric dogs. Source Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1993. 16: 1, 93-102. 30 ref. Abstract Urinary excretion of metals during treatment with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2 MPG) was studied in 11 normal and 20 cystinuric male dogs. The results were compared with those obtained during D-penicillamine treatment. 24-h urine and morning samples of urine were taken for determination of 13 metals before and during treatment. After single i.v. and oral D-penicillamine treatment of the normal dogs, significant increases were found in the 24-h urinary excretion of Ca, Cu and Zn. Oral intake of D-penicillamine also increased the excretion of Co, Cr, Fe and Mg. No effect on renal metal excretion was observed after single i.v. and up to 2 months of daily oral treatment with 2-MPG. In 14 cystinuric dogs no effect was found after single i.v. and oral administrations of 2-MPG. However, after oral treatment of 6 cystinuric dogs with 2-MPG for 2-4 months, significantly increased excretions of Ca and Mg were found. 14 of the cystinuric dogs were also investigated after 2-6 years of continuous 2-MPG treatment, and after this period no increase in the urinary excretion of metals was found. It was concluded that in contrast to D-penicillamine, 2 MPG does not increase the urinary excretion of metals. Increases in the excretion of Ca and Mg seemed to be only temporary. ISSN 0140-7783 <6> Accession Number 911428494 Author Norman, R. W. Manette, W. A. Institution Stone Clinic, Halifax Infirmary Hospital, 1335 Queen Street, Halifax, NS B3J 2H6, Canada. Title Dietary restriction of sodium as a means of reducing urinary cystine. Source Journal of Urology. 1990. 143: 6, 1193-1195. 6 ref. Abstract Five patients with recurrent cystine urolithiasis were assessed before and after implementation of a low sodium diet (87 mmol daily). The diet caused a significant decrease in the 24-h urinary excretion of Na and cystine. Dietary restriction of Na should be an important component of the treatment of patients with cystinuria. ISSN 0022-5347 <7> Accession Number 892298296 Author Hesse, A. Bruhl, M. Institution Urologische Klinik, Univ., Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, 5300 Bonn 1, German Federal Republic. Title Cystine urolithiasis in the dog. [German] Original Title Cystin-Urolithiasis beim Hund Source Effem-Forschung fur Heimtiernahrung. 1988. No. 27, 21-27. 11 ref. Abstract Three basic types of canine cystinuria are distinguished, depending on whether the increase is in cystine alone, in cystine with lysine, or in these two with arginine, ornithine and citrulline. In an analysis of 1731 urinary calculi from dogs, 389 (22.5%) were cystine stones. Dachshunds, Bassets and Irish Terriers showed the highest incidence, and 95% were from males. Treatment with ascorbic acid was often effective, and without known side effects, while alpha -mercaptopropionylglycine should be used in cases which relapse. <8> Accession Number 891412888 Author McNamara, P. D. Rea, C. T. Bovee, K. C. Reynolds, R. A. Segal, S. Institution Division of Biochemical Development and Molecular Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Medical School of the Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Title Cystinuria in dogs: comparison of the cystinuric component of the Fanconi syndrome in Basenji dogs to isolated cystinuria. Source Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental. 1989. 38: 1, 8-15. 39 ref. Abstract Two animal models for cystinuria have been examined: the Basenji dog with Fanconi syndrome and cystine stone-forming dogs of different breeds. Brush-border membranes were isolated from the dogs and uptake of D-glucose and L-cystine was studied. Experiments with isolated brush-border vesicles from Basenji dogs with cystinuria as a component of the Fanconi syndrome showed diminished sodium-dependent D-glucose uptake but no decrease in L-cystine uptake even though the cystine defect in vivo was as high as 94% (i.e., 6% reabsorption). Brush-border vesicles isolated from the kidney of a cystine stone-forming dog (Welsh Corgi) with a cystine defect of only 16% (i.e., 84% reabsorption) had decreased uptake of cystine compared with values for Beagle and Basenji vesicles. Thus, cystinuria in Basenji dogs with the Fanconi syndrome differs from that in classic stone-forming cystinuric dogs. The alteration responsible for the cystinuria of Basenji dogs with Fanconi syndrome does not seem to have a membrane locus and may reflect altered energetics for transport, which are not detected in isolated vesicles. The cystine defect in cystinuric stone-forming dogs seems to be reflected in the isolated membrane. ISSN 0026-0495 <9> Accession Number 882280892 Author Hoppe, A. Denneberg, T. Kagedal, B. Institution Dept. Med. Surg., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Box 7037, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Title Treatment of clinically normal and cystinuric dogs with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine. Source American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1988. 49: 6, 923-928. 26 ref. Abstract In a pharmacokinetic and tolerance study, 2 healthy Beagles were given 13.2 to 39.5 mg of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG)/kg of body weight orally once daily in increasing doses for 3 weeks. A third dog was given 10 mg of 2-MPG/kg of body weight, i/v. The drug was well tolerated. After these initial studies, 15 cystinuric dogs were treated with 2-MPG orally once daily for 5 to 45 months and with sodium bicarbonate for urine alkalinization and fluid diuresis. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 7 dogs on the third day of oral treatment with 2-MPG. After oral administration of 15.6 to 31.3 mg of 2-MPG/kg of body weight, maximum serum/plasma concentrations were from 28.6 to 76.3 micro mol/litre after 1 to 3 h in 6 cystinuric dogs. The mean urinary excretion was 22% (range, 0.3 to 58.9%) of the dose. Ten of 15 cystinuric dogs had no re-formation of uroliths. Of 4 dogs with uroliths at the beginning of treatment, 3 had total urolith dissolution on continuous treatment. During treatment, further growth of the uroliths was inhibited in one dog, and in another dog with re-formed uroliths, they dissolved. It was concluded that 2-MPG is well tolerated and promising for treatment of cystinuric dogs, but the pharmacokinetic studies should be expanded to include different dosage regimens, and results of long-term treatment should be studied. The authors recommend surgical intervention for treatment of dogs with cystine uroliths if the dog has urethral obstruction or has dysuria. If the dog's urethra is not obstructed, a combination of urine alkalinization, fluid diuresis, and oral treatment with 2-MPG at a daily dosage of 30 to 40 mg/kg of body weight will cause urolith dissolution in most instances. These measures are also effective in preventing urolith reformation. ISSN 0002-9645